How Bone Density Scans Guide the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a medical condition wherein the bones become weak and brittle. ‘Osteo’ refers to bone, with ‘poros’ being the Greek word for porous. Like every other part of your body, your bones are made up of tissue which is constantly being absorbed and replaced. With osteoporosis, new bone tissue is not being generated as rapidly as it is being lost. This can lead to a loss of height as well as increased risk for fractures, particularly in the spine and hips.
How Bone Density Scan Results Help Guide Treatment
Did you know that most people have no symptoms of osteoporosis until they experience a bone fracture? Bone Mineral Density scans or BMD scans are the primary tool used to diagnose osteoporosis. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans are the most common test, in some cases an X-ray or CT scan can also be used to diagnose or identify fractures.
Low-dose X-rays are emitted from a scanner that passes over you. Various parts of your body absorb different amounts of X-ray energy. This information is used against a reference population to calculate your bone density and assign a T-score, from which a diagnosis can be made.
Monitoring Response to Treatment
Treatment for osteoporosis often involves a two-pronged approach: strengthening bones and preventing future fractures. Bone density scans can be used to see how patients are progressing and whether any adjustments need to be made to their treatment. DXA scans are non-invasive, painless, and typically only take 15-30 minutes to complete.
Individualised Treatment Plans
Treatment is unique to each individual as there are different risks and factors associated with them. Lifestyle changes can include implementing a diet which is rich in calcium and vitamin D, increasing strength-training exercise such as weightlifting or dancing, and quitting smoking which is known to weaken bones.
Fall prevention is another common approach which involves identify hazards at home and mitigating their risk. Physical therapy is an option for individuals who need to improve their balance.
Who is at Risk of Osteoporosis?
Postmenopausal women
Oestrogen, amongst other things, helps maintain bone density. Since it declines
rapidly during menopause, women are more susceptible to osteoporosis.
Adults older than sixty-five
Your bones weaken with age, which means your risk for osteoporosis increases.
Family history
You are more likely to develop osteoporosis if a close relative has it.
Lifestyle habits
Diets low in calcium and vitamin D, smoking, and excessive drinking can contribute to osteoporosis.
Previous fractures
Future fractures are more likely to occur if you have previously fractured a bone.
The Importance of Regular Screening
As previously mentioned, treatment for osteoporosis is unique to each individual and therefore, the frequency of screening will also fluctuate. Here is a general guideline you can use, remember that you should always consult a healthcare professional.
Women 65 and over
Screening is recommended at this age.
Women 50-64
Screening may be recommended if there are additional risk factors for osteoporosis.
Men 70 and over
Screening is recommended at this age.
Men 50-69
Similarly to women, screening is recommended if there are additional risk factors.
Risk factors
These include family history, some medical conditions, a history of fractures, and whether you smoke or drink.
Screening results
Your initial test will play a significant role in determining future monitoring. If your bone density is normal, you might not need another scan for 10-15 years. If your results are indicative of osteopenia, future screening may be warranted.
What Else Can Bone Density Scans Pick Up?
BMD scans are primarily used to diagnose osteoporosis and osteopenia. Bone mineral density is measured on two scales, the first is your T-score wherein your BMD is compared to a healthy, young adult of the same gender and ethnicity. Your Z-score is when your BMD is compared to age-matched adults. A T-score of -2.5 SD or more indicates the presence of osteoporosis.
Where Can I Get a Bone Mineral Density Scan in South Africa?
Bone mineral density tests are considered to be extremely accurate in assessing bone health and identifying osteoporosis. At MBR, we employ advanced DXA scanners which are operated by skilled professionals to ensure accurate and reliable results. Our team of experts will interpret your bone density test results and provide you with a comprehensive understanding of your bone health. Contact us by filling out the form on this page to take the first step towards a healthier future.