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24 March 2025

How MRI Scans Help Diagnose Soft Tissue Injuries

Magnetic Resonance Imaging or simply MRI scans are a powerful diagnostic tool that provides incredibly detailed images of the body’s internal structures. Let’s take a look at how this advanced imaging technique works and why it’s essential for identifying soft tissue damage.

Understanding MRI Technology

MRI machines use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the body. Unlike X-rays or CT scans, which primarily capture bone structures, MRIs excel at visualising soft tissues. The magnetic field temporarily aligns hydrogen atoms in the body, and when the field is turned off, these atoms release energy. The MRI machine captures this energy and translates it into high-resolution images, allowing radiologists to see soft tissues with exceptional clarity!

Diagnosing Soft Tissue Injuries

Soft tissue injuries can be tricky to diagnose with physical exams alone, especially when symptoms like pain or swelling don’t point to an obvious cause. MRI scans help pinpoint the exact location and extent of damage, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions such as:

Muscle Tears and Strains: MRI scans can reveal even small muscle tears, as well as inflammation and fluid buildup that signal acute or chronic injuries.
Ligament and Tendon Injuries: MRIs are commonly used to assess ligament tears (like ACL injuries) or tendon issues (like rotator cuff tears), providing clear images of tissue integrity.
Cartilage Damage: Joint injuries often involve cartilage, and MRI scans are crucial for evaluating cartilage loss, lesions, or degeneration in conditions like osteoarthritis.
Soft Tissue Masses and Inflammation: MRIs can detect tumours, cysts, or abnormal swelling, helping distinguish between benign and malignant growths or pinpoint areas of excessive inflammation.
Nerve Compression or Damage: MRIs can also show nerve impingement or inflammation, which is essential for diagnosing conditions like sciatica or carpal tunnel syndrome.

Why Choose an MRI for Soft Tissue Assessment?

MRI scans offer several benefits for diagnosing and managing soft tissue injuries:

Non-Invasive and Painless: Unlike exploratory surgery, MRIs are non-invasive and don’t involve radiation, making them a safer imaging option.
High-Resolution Detail: MRI scans provide highly detailed images, allowing doctors to visualise even minor abnormalities that might be missed with other imaging techniques.
Multi-Plane Imaging: MRIs can capture images from multiple angles, offering a comprehensive view of complex injuries.
Early and Accurate Diagnosis: By catching injuries early and with precision, MRI scans enable quicker, more targeted treatments, helping patients recover faster and with fewer complications.

What to Expect During an MRI Scan

If you’re scheduled for an MRI, the process is straightforward. You’ll lie on a cushioned table that slides into the MRI machine, which is shaped like a large tube. It’s important to remain still during the scan to ensure clear images.

How long does an MRI Scan Take?

The procedure typically takes 30 to 60 minutes, and while the machine can be noisy, you’ll usually be offered earplugs or headphones for comfort. If you’re claustrophobic, talk to your doctor, you might be given a mild sedative to help you relax.

When Is Contrast Dye Used in MRI Scans?

In certain situations, your doctor may order an MRI with contrast dye to enhance the visibility of specific tissues or abnormalities. The dye, typically made from gadolinium, is injected into a vein before or during the scan. It travels through the bloodstream, making blood vessels and certain structures more visible on the images. Contrast dye is commonly used when:

Detecting Tumours or Abnormal Growths: The dye highlights abnormal tissues, making it easier to distinguish between healthy and potentially cancerous areas.
Evaluating Blood Vessels: If vascular issues or blockages are suspected, contrast dye helps illuminate the blood flow and vessel structure.
Assessing Infections or Inflammation: The dye can show areas of infection or excessive inflammation, helping pinpoint the exact site of the problem.
Investigating Post-Surgical Changes: After surgery, contrast dye can help assess healing tissues or detect complications like scar tissue buildup.
Clarifying Unclear Findings: In cases where initial scans are inconclusive, contrast dye can provide the extra detail needed for a definitive diagnosis.

MRI scans are invaluable for diagnosing and managing soft tissue injuries. Whether you’re dealing with lingering joint pain, a sports injury, or unexplained swelling, booking your MRI scan with MBR can provide the detailed insights your healthcare provider needs to create an effective treatment plan.

FAQs About MRI Scans for Soft Tissue Injuries

1. Are MRI Scans Safe?

Yes, MRI scans are generally very safe. They don’t use ionizing radiation like X-rays or CT scans. However, because of the strong magnets, people with certain implants (like pacemakers) may need to explore alternative imaging options.

2. How Long Does It Take to get MRI Results?

Typically, you’ll receive results within a few days. The radiologist on site will review the images, prepare a report, and send it to your doctor, who will discuss the findings with you.

3. Can you Move During an MRI Scan?

It’s important to stay as still as possible to ensure clear images. Even small movements can blur the results, as such patients need to remain still during the MRI scan.

4. Is Contrast Dye Always Necessary?

Not always. In some cases, contrast dye is used to enhance the visibility of certain tissues or abnormalities. Your doctor will decide if it’s needed based on your symptoms and the area being examined.

3 February 2025

What Is Fluoroscopy and When Is It Used?

Fluoroscopy is like having a live video feed of what’s happening inside your body. It’s an advanced imaging technique that lets doctors see in real-time X-ray images, showing how your body moves and functions.

Unlike standard X-rays, which only capture a still snapshot of dense material such as bone, fluoroscopy provides a real-time view. This makes it incredibly useful for diagnosing conditions and guiding patient treatments.

How Does Fluoroscopy Work?

Here’s the simple version, Fluoroscopy uses an X-ray machine with a special fluoroscope tool. This machine sends continuous X-rays through your body. A detector picks them up and turns them into a moving image on a monitor. Imagine watching a movie starring your internal organs, joints, or blood vessels.

Sometimes, to get a clearer picture, you might need a contrast agent. This could be something you drink, or it might be injected into your body. The reason the contrast dye is used in certain situations is that it helps highlight specific regions inside your body that might be tougher to see under normal conditions, like your stomach, heart, or veins, making them easier to see and importantly easy for your doctors to see.

Don’t let this worry you too much as the contrast dye is not uncommon to use during scans of your body, in fact, CT scans, MRI and X-Rays all make use of contrast dye at times so it’s fairly common as far as scanning goes, especially for scans of smaller areas of the body or areas where a highly detailed scan is necessary such as those tiny blood vessels inside the body as a prime example!

When Is Fluoroscopy Used?

Fluoroscopy has many practical uses in medicine, both for diagnosis and treatment. Here are some common examples include:

1. Angiography

Checking blood vessels for blockages.

2. Cardiac Catheterisation

Diagnosing or treating heart issues.

3. Spinal Injections

Pinpointing the right spot for pain relief.

4. Orthopaedic Work

Fluoroscopy is a go-to tool for bone and joint issues. It can check how your joints move, guide the repair of fractures, or assist in placing screws or prosthetics during surgery.

5. Digestive System Tests

This technique is often used to take a look at how your digestive system is functioning.

6. Fertility and Reproductive Health

Fluoroscopy can help identify issues related to fertility, such as Hysterosalpingography (HSG): And checking for blockages in the fallopian tubes or abnormalities in the uterus.

7. Urinary Tract Tests

It’s used to find kidney stones, blockages, or other issues in your urinary system. For instance: Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) evaluates how your bladder works and spots urinary reflux.

Helping with Procedures

During surgeries or minimally invasive treatments, fluoroscopy acts as a guide. It helps doctors place tools, like catheters or stents, exactly where they need to go.

What Are the Benefits?

Fluoroscopy offers several benefits to patients and medical professionals including:

Real-Time Images: Doctors can see what’s happening as it happens.
Precision: It allows for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Less Invasive: Procedures guided by fluoroscopy often involve smaller incisions and quicker recovery times.

Are There Any Risks?

While fluoroscopy is safe for most people, it does involve radiation exposure. Thanks to modern technology, radiation levels are much lower than they used to be. To reduce risks:

Doctors keep imaging time as short as possible.
Protective gear, like lead aprons, is used for both patients and staff.
Your healthcare provider will ensure the benefits outweigh any risks, especially if you’re pregnant or have other health concerns.

How to Prepare for Fluoroscopy

Preparation depends on the type of procedure. Here are some general tips:

Fasting: You might need to avoid food and drinks for a few hours beforehand, especially for digestive tests.

Medication Adjustments: Your doctor may ask you to stop certain medications temporarily, though your doctor will inform you if this is necessary in your specific case.

Comfortable Clothing: You’ll likely need to wear a hospital gown and remove jewellery or metal objects from your person before the procedure. After the procedure, most people can go back to their regular activities unless instructed otherwise by their doctor.

A Real-Time Imaging Breakthrough

Fluoroscopy is an amazing tool in modern medicine, offering real-time imaging to your doctors which allows them to make more accurate diagnoses decisions and provide the right targeted treatments.

While it does come with some risks, like any medical procedure involving radiation, these are generally well minimised with modern technology and safety protocols being in place to safeguard the patient.

31 January 2025

How Often Should You Get a Mammogram? Guidelines for Every Age

Regular mammograms are essential for early detection of breast cancer, often identifying the disease before symptoms appear. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates for patients by as much as 99% if caught at its earliest localised stages.

In Your 20s and 30s Building Awareness & Consistency

Routine mammograms are not typically recommended for women under 40 unless they are considered high-risk patients for breast cancer. However, building a basic awareness of your breast health is crucial during this stage of life. Women in their 20s and 30s are advised to undergo a clinical breast exam performed by a healthcare provider every 1–3 years.

Breast Health Awareness

Knowing what’s normal for your breasts can help you detect unusual changes, such as lumps, pain, or discharge. Report any abnormalities to your doctor immediately. Being aware of what’s normal for your body will lay the foundation for regular consistent health checks later in your life making this process feel less like a task and more like routine.

Building Healthy Habits

Essentially, this early stage is all about establishing healthy habits, such as performing a basic check of your breast health at home through self-examination checks. Routine mammograms are not strictly necessary for women in this age group. This is because, for younger patients, breast tissue is generally denser, which can make cancers harder to detect or produce false positive results.

Ages 40–49: Starting Regular Mammograms

For most women, the 40s mark is the start of regular mammograms. However, the decision to begin screening at this age should be made in consultation with your healthcare provider, considering your personal risk factors.

This is because some women are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer than others, meaning these women might be advised more regular mammograms by their doctor than patients with a regular level of risk.

Frequency of Mammograms at Ages 40-49

A good rule of thumb for women at an average risk is generally to have a mammogram every 1–2 years during their 40s however, follow the advice of your doctor if advised differently as this frequency can change based on the nature of each different individual patient’s case scenario.

Considerations for High-Risk Women

Those with a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors may need to start screening earlier and more frequently. For these cases being able to do a basic self-examination at home is important as well to enhance the safety net of early detection and make sure you’re on top of your breast health.

Ages 50–74: Maintaining Regular Screenings

This age group is the primary target for routine mammograms, as studies show that regular screening significantly reduces breast cancer mortality.

Frequency Mammograms at Ages 50–74

Women between 50 and 74 should have a mammogram every 1–2 years, depending on their health status and personal preferences.

Importance of Consistency

Consistent screening helps detect cancer early when it is most treatable. As with most things in life, consistency is everything. This is why we stress the importance of building a habit of consistent breast health checks early on so that patients become more aware of their breast health as time passes.

Age 75 and Older: Screening Based on Health Status

For women over 75, the decision to continue mammograms depends on overall health, life expectancy, and personal preferences.

Consult Your Doctor

If you are in good health and have a life expectancy of 10 years or more, regular screenings may still benefit you even at the later stages of your life.

Individualised Approach

Women with serious health conditions or limited life expectancy may choose to stop routine screening.

Special Considerations for High-Risk Individuals

If you have a family history of breast cancer, a genetic mutation such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, or underwent chest radiation therapy at a young age, your screening schedule will differ from the general guidelines.

General Tips for All Ages

Know Your Risk: Discuss your family history and lifestyle with your doctor to determine your breast cancer risk level.

Stick to Your Schedule: Missing routine mammograms can delay the detection of breast cancer, reducing treatment options.

Choose Accredited Facilities: Opt for mammograms performed at certified imaging centres with experienced radiologists. Luckily this is the easy part as our team of certified radiographers is on site ready to take you through the process of your mammogram.

Why Regular Mammograms Matter

Mammograms are the gold standard for detecting breast cancer early, often before symptoms develop. Early detection not only improves treatment outcomes for patients but can also save lives at a much higher rate than if breast cancer is detected in the mid to late stages. If you’re due for a mammogram, don’t delay. Take control of your breast health by scheduling an appointment with our team of skilled radiographers at MBR.

1 October 2024

Breast Cancer Awareness Month SA 2024: A Vital Conversation

October has arrived, and if you’ve looked around, you’ve likely noticed the world adorned in various shades of pink. Wondering what’s behind this rosy transformation? Well, it’s that time of the year once again – Breast Cancer Awareness Month. So, take a moment, settle into your favourite chair, savour a cup of coffee, and let’s talk about why October carries such a profound mission.

Prioritising Breast Health Awareness

A Gentle Awakening: First and foremost, our aim is not to jolt you awake like a blaring alarm but to offer a gentle nudge that whispers, “Hey, pay attention to your breast health!” This month revolves around spreading awareness of breast cancer – its risks, its warning signs, and the steps you can take to safeguard your health.

Early Detection Is Paramount: If there’s one crucial message, we hope you’ll take away, it’s this: Early detection is the cornerstone of combatting breast cancer. Regular check-ups, monthly breast self-examinations, and screenings stand as your strongest ally in this battle, capable of identifying problems in their infancy and turning the tide.

A Supportive Embrace: Breast Cancer Awareness Month signifies unity and compassion. It’s a time when communities come together, sharing stories, extending a helping hand, and offering unwavering support to those in the throes of the breast cancer journey, as well as their families.

Funding the Flames of Hope: Let’s not overlook the fundraising aspect. Every cent raised during this month serves as a beacon of hope. These funds channel into research, treatments, and support services – all indispensable in the fight against breast cancer.

Decoding the Significance of the Pink Ribbon in Breast Cancer Awareness Month

You’ve surely encountered it everywhere – that iconic pink ribbon. But it’s more than just a symbol; it embodies hope, unity, and resilience. When you spot that pink ribbon, it’s a reminder that we are all united in this endeavour, supporting one another as we navigate the challenges of breast cancer.

Pre-emptive Steps

One of the most important steps involves scheduling regular mammograms. Think of them as your companions on your breast health journey. Mammograms serve as early warning signals, detecting issues before they escalate into serious concerns.

Another step you can take at home without heading to your local clinic is a self-examination. While we always stress the fact you should let your doctor make the final call on your breast health, self-examinations are a great way for you to become accustomed to the normal state of your breasts and to detect noticeable abnormalities in breast tissue. Typically, this is done by the individual checking for lumps or other abnormalities.

This can be an extremely helpful tool as a self-examination typically only takes a few minutes in the comfort of your home in front of a mirror.

How to Perform a Self-Examination

1. Start in Front of a Mirror

Stand straight with your shoulders back and arms relaxed at your sides. Look for any visible changes in the size, shape, or appearance of your breasts. Pay attention to any dimpling, swelling, or changes in the skin texture.

2. Raise Your Arms

Lift your arms above your head and check for any visible changes again. Make sure to note if you see any fluid or discharge coming from your nipples.

3. Use Your Hands to Feel for Lumps

Lie down on your back, which allows breast tissue to spread out evenly. Using your opposite hand, feel your breast in a circular motion, starting from the outer edge and moving toward the nipple. Be thorough and cover the entire breast area, including the armpits.

4. Check While Standing or Sitting

Some prefer doing this step in the shower. With your hands soapy, use the same circular motions to feel for any lumps, thickening, or other changes in the tissue.

5. Report Any Changes

If you notice any unusual changes, lumps, or discomfort, contact your doctor for further evaluation.

Why Regular Checks Are of Utmost Importance

Here’s a staggering fact for you: Early detection can save up to 90% of breast cancer patients. Yes, you read that correctly – 90%! Routine check-ups and screenings act as your guardian angels, potentially making the difference between a minor hiccup and a major hurdle.

Mammograms, for instance, involve capturing an X-ray image of the breast by gently compressing it between two plates. This technique allows doctors to diligently search for early signs of breast cancer, uncovering irregularities that might otherwise slip by unnoticed in mere seconds. The regularity of these mammograms proves to be an indispensable asset in the ongoing battle against breast cancer, often identifying the disease up to three years before it becomes palpable.

Who Performs Mammograms and Preparing for the Procedure

Mammograms are not a DIY project – they are administered by qualified mammographers specialising in breast imaging. Choosing a certified facility is essential for peace of mind.

On the day of your mammogram, skip the deodorant, lotion, or powder, as they can interfere with the procedure. If you happen to be pregnant or breastfeeding, don’t hesitate to inform your technician. They are there to ensure your comfort and safety.

So, let’s wrap a big pink bow around this conversation. Breast Cancer Awareness Month, observed throughout October, is not merely about painting the town pink. It’s about demonstrating your commitment to your breast health, encouraging others to do the same, and standing steadfast with those battling breast cancer.

Interesting Facts About Breast Cancer Awareness Month

Breast Cancer in Men

Although breast cancer is traditionally a women’s health concern, there are cases where men are also affected by breast cancer. Meaning regardless of your gender it’s important to keep a keen eye on your breast health.

The month of October is also significant to men because Men’s Breast Cancer Week takes place from October 17^th to October 23^rd. Although breast cancer is considered rare in men 1-3% of men in South Africa face breast cancer during their life.

History Of Breast Cancer Awareness Month

Breast Cancer Awareness Month was first observed in October 1985 as a partnership between the American Cancer Society and the pharmaceutical division of Imperial Chemical Industries. Its goal was to encourage women to undergo regular mammograms as a primary defence against breast cancer.

Significant Progress in Early Detection

Since the inception of Breast Cancer Awareness Month, early detection rates have improved significantly. Mammography screenings, public education, and greater awareness have contributed to a steady decline in breast cancer mortality.

12 September 2024

World Heart Day 2024

World Heart Day officially takes place from September 29^th however, the month of September is recognised as heart awareness month in South Africa.

The goal of World Heart Day is to develop and support national plans to improve cardiovascular health and reinforce awareness of cardiovascular disease. This is done by promoting early detection and treatment for patients suffering from cardiovascular health issues.

What Is the Theme of World Heart Day 2024?

The theme for World Heart Day 2024 is “Use heart for action” the idea behind this theme is to support individuals to care for their own cardiovascular health and take active steps to continue healthy behaviours long term.

This theme promotes the idea of taking active steps at an individual level to improve individual behaviours for the benefit of their own cardiovascular health. Effectively to empower every day South Africans to take care of their hearts and be aware of any conditions affecting their cardiovascular health.

World Heart Day is a global, multi-lingual celebration that spans all six continents thanks to the World Heart Federation’s member organisations, schools, and universities. With 80% of premature deaths due to cardiovascular disease being preventable, the day aims to bring attention to small changes we can make to our lifestyles.

Why prevention is better than a cure

Cardiovascular health is often underestimated in relation to our overall well-being. While cures do exist for certain heart conditions, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure when it comes to CVD (cardiovascular disease).

Despite the cost benefits of prevention, early detection gives medical professionals time to intervene before complications can occur. Some methods that are used for early detection include regular check-ups, blood tests, and echocardiograms.

How are heart conditions detected?

There are a variety of medical tests that can be conducted to detect heart conditions. ECGs or electrocardiograms are a common method which measures the heart’s electrical activity. Blood tests can reveal cholesterol levels, blood sugar, and other indicators.

In cases requiring more detailed information, a CT or computed topography scan can be used to create images of the heart and its surrounding structures. This might be used to identify conditions such as aortic aneurysms or coronary artery disease.

Who Should be Watching Their Heart Health Closely?

There are a number of groups and individuals who may be at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This includes individuals with a history of heart disease in their family, people with high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, or obesity. Individuals who smoke, consume excessive alcohol, and lead a sedentary lifestyle may also increase the risk of CVD.

In order to reduce any potential risk, individuals should maintain a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet. Avoiding smoking, going for medical check-ups, managing your stress, getting enough sleep, and limiting your alcohol intake can all assist in early detection and management of risk factors.

What Steps Can You Take to Improve Your Hearts Health?

Taking care of your heart health is all about making consistent, positive lifestyle choices. Here are ten steps you can take to improve your cardiovascular health on an individual level:

Eat a Balanced Diet: Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Reducing your intake of processed foods, sugar, and saturated fats can lower cholesterol levels and reduce your risk of heart disease.
Exercise Regularly: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity each week, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming. Regular exercise helps improve blood circulation, lowers blood pressure, and strengthens the heart muscle.
Quit Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Quitting smoking improves your heart health almost immediately by reducing blood pressure and improving circulation.
Manage Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to high blood pressure and other heart-related issues. Practice stress management techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga, or spending time in nature to help keep stress levels in check.
Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can increase blood pressure and contribute to heart disease. Moderation is key—try to limit your consumption to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being overweight increases your risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Focus on maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity to reduce strain on your heart.
Get Regular Health Screenings: Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider can help detect and manage risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes early on, preventing potential heart problems.
Stay Hydrated: Drinking enough water is crucial for maintaining good circulation and overall heart health. Aim to drink at least 8 cups of water a day to keep your heart functioning optimally.
Reduce Salt Intake: High salt consumption is linked to high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease. Cut back on salt by avoiding processed foods and choosing fresh, whole foods whenever possible.
Get Enough Sleep: Poor sleep can negatively impact your heart health, leading to issues like high blood pressure and obesity. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night to support overall well-being and heart function.

By taking these steps at an individual level South Africans can make a significant impact on their own cardio health, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and improving their quality of life. Remember, it’s never too late to start taking care of your heart.

15 August 2024

Breast Cancer in Men What you need to Know

When we think of breast cancer, we often associate this form of cancer with women’s health however, this is not always the case as breast cancer can be found in men as well!

Although much less prevalent in the male population, breast cancer is known to affect men as well, this article we will break down all the details of how this is possible, why breast cancer affects men, and some lifestyle adjustments you can make to lower your long term risk as a man.

How Does a Man Get Breast Cancer?

The fact is, as humans all of us are born with some amount of breast tissue in our bodies, and much like in women it’s in this tissue where breast cancer in men begins. Although it’s possible for men of any age to develop breast cancer it’s most typically seen in older men between the ages of 60 and 70 years old.

Much like in women age plays a large part in the risk of developing breast cancer, though luckily breast cancer in men is much more of a rare occurrence than it is in women, with a UK study finding that of 56 790 patients with breast cancer, 390 these cases were men representing 0.7% of the total patients in this case with breast cancer.

There are a few key things to know when dealing with breast cancer in men, firstly the age of heightened risk for most men is generally older comparatively to the risk age for women. Breast cancer in men develops much in the same way as it does for women the key difference being men have less breast tissue and overall men are screened for this cancer far less than women.

This means that men are more unlikely to catch these cancers early, and this is a problem because early detection can be a live saver for so many struggling with breast cancer.

What Are the Signs of Breast Cancer in Men?

Some of the most common symptoms of breast cancer in men are the following:

breast lump
thickening of the breast tissue
dimpling of the skin of the breast
change in the shape of the breast or nipple
discharge from the nipple
swollen lymph nodes in the armpit area

However it is important to note that none of these symptoms are enough to be definitive proof that you have breast cancer, and reaching a conclusive diagnosis should be done via your doctor after the results of a mammogram are provided and reviewed by your doctor.

Chances of a Man Getting Breast Cancer

The majority of sources place the figure for men at around 1% or less of the existing breast cancer cases, this means the risks are low for you as a man however, there are certain risk factors that can increase your chances of developing breast cancer as a man later in life.

Risk Factors You Can Change

There are a few risk factors for breast cancer that thankfully rest comfortably in the court of what you as an individual can control. These include:

1. Physical Inactivity

A sedentary lifestyle and lower amounts of daily activity contribute to a higher risk of developing breast cancer, as such it should come as no surprise that being overweight in addition to having a more physically inactive lifestyle increases the risk of developing breast cancer even further.

2. Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol consumption is another factor that can increase your risk of developing breast cancer later in life. The reason for this is that consuming alcohol breaks down chemicals such as ethanol which in turn becomes acetaldehyde a known carcinogen.

3. Radiation Exposure

Limit the amount of radiation that reaches your chest, now you might be thinking this isn’t such a big issue, as few people work or regularly frequent radioactive environments. While this is true one thing to watch out for as a man is UV radiation especially since men typically don’t cover their chest at the beach or while spending time in the pool for example.

The good news is you can limit your overall exposure to the sun’s harmful UV radiation by applying sunblock and not staying in the sun without a shirt for extended periods of time.

Remember radiation plays the long game with your health so signs of the negative effects on your health could potentially show up many years after exposure, making applying the appropriate protection in the sun an important habit to form earlier on.

Risk Factors You Can’t Change

1. Your Age

As stated above age is one of the clearest risk indicators for your chances of developing breast cancer. In women, this is a well-known risk factor, and it is widely accepted that the frequency of mammography tests should be elevated once women reach the age of 40.

In men, however, most of the age-related risk appears to come later in life if that being said men aged 60 upwards should be aware of the risk even if the risk is significantly lower compared to your female counterparts.

2. Your Gender

No surprise that women are at a much greater risk of developing breast cancer than men are. In fact, for men this number is 1 in 830 men while on the other end of the spectrum 1 in 7 women in the UK would go on to develop some form of breast cancer in their lifetime.

3. Your Genetic Predisposition to Cancer

Your family’s history of cancer can significantly sway your overall chances of developing breast cancer, especially as you age. For this reason, those with a history of breast cancer in their family tree should be extra vigilant with their breast health.

Should I be Worried About Breast Cancer as A Man?

While you should keep a healthy tab on your breast health, cases of breast cancer in men are rare and not something the everyday man needs to typically worry about. This is not to say men shouldn’t worry at all about breast cancer however because, as you get older your risk of developing breast cancer goes up.

This is true for both men and women, and as such it may be a healthy practice to get a mammogram if you’re displaying any of the symptoms above and consult your doctor, if nothing else this should give you the peace of mind your looking for as you move forward with your life.

4 July 2024

3D Mammogram Scans Explained

Breast cancer screening should be a crucial part of every women’s health. Mammograms are the most common method for early detection. There is one breast cancer scanning technique that has made getting a mammogram, more accurate, less invasive and quicker for both patients and doctors alike. Meet the 3D mammogram (also known as tomosynthesis). This article will take you through 3D mammogram scans to understand their benefits and the improvements they bring to the field of mammography.

3D Mammograms

A 3D mammogram, also known as tomosynthesis, involves taking multiple X-ray images of the breast from different angles. These images are then reconstructed into a three-dimensional picture. This 3D view reduces confusion caused by overlapping tissue since it allows doctors to see the individual slices of breast tissue. A traditional mammogram involves taking two X-rays of each breast. One is taken from above, called the craniocaudal view, the other is taken from the side, called the mediolateral oblique view.

What a 3D Mammogram Scan Shows

A 3D scan provides a more detailed view of the breast tissue, revealing the inner structure in thin layers. It can highlight areas that might otherwise be hidden, offering a clearer picture of any abnormalities.

3D scans are often cited as being able to detect more breast cancers than other scans can, particularly smaller cancers. This is part of the reason 3D mammogram scans have become more popular over the years.

Features of 3D Mammogram Scans

Produces a three-dimensional image for a more comprehensive view.
More effective in detecting breast cancer in dense breast tissue.
May take slightly longer to perform and analyse than traditional mammograms.
Often results in fewer call backs for additional imaging.

Who benefits most from a 3D mammogram?

A 3D Mammogram can be more beneficial for women with dense breast tissue, women with a higher risk of breast cancer, or those who have had previous abnormal mammogram results.

3D scans provide a more detailed overview of your breast health and can reduce the need for follow-up imaging. This not only saves you the hassle of returning multiple times for imaging which can be inconvenient, it also allows your doctors access to accurate results in a shorter time frame than if you had to come back for multiple scans.

Is a 3D mammogram Safe?

In short yes, 3D mammography scans do not expose the patient to a significant amount of radiation, with 3D scans sitting comfortably around the 0.4 millisieverts (mSv) mark.

For context the radiation your breast would receive from a 3D scan would be the same as only seven weeks of day to day background radiation. In either case the benefits of having these scans vastly outweighs the risks associated with the low doses of radiation they produce. Although the dose of radiation is higher than traditional mammograms, the overall dose is still relatively low.

Non invasive

In addition to being able to pick up smaller cancers this scan is non-invasive, unlike other mammogram techniques such as a contrast enhanced mammography. Effectivity this makes a 3D mammogram scan not only highly effective in picking up abnormalities in breast tissue, but it also allows the patient the benefit of a non-invasive pain free experience.

31 May 2024

International Cancer Survivors Day South Africa 2024

One out of every four people will be affected by cancer in their lifetime in South Africa. In fact, in 2020 roughly 110 000 people were diagnosed with cancer in South Africa.

As the estimates around this number increase, so should our awareness and action as well. On the first Sunday of June, we celebrate International Cancer Survivors Day to appreciate hope and life with the cancer survivors nearest to us. In 2024, International Cancer Survivor’s Day falls on 2 June 2024.

When is Cancer Survivors Day in South Africa?

This year, Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated on 2 June 2024 and is set aside to celebrate the health and life of those who have overcome this disease. Not only is it a celebration for them, but it is also an inspiration for those who have been diagnosed, a way for families to gather and support them, and an outreach for communities as a whole.

How to celebrate Cancer Survivors day

There are a number of ways you can celebrate the bravery and resilience of those who have gone through Cancer. Some of them include:

Providing emotional support to those who are affected by cancer.
Attending cancer awareness events.
Donating to and supporting cancer organisations.
Honouring the survivors in your life by reaching out to friends and family or spending quality time with a survivor.

Cancer survivors purple ribbon held in hands

Why It’s Important To Celebrate Cancer Survivors

There are a number of reasons why it is essential to celebrate the life of cancer survivors. Cancer is both a physically and emotionally challenging battle to face, celebrating survivors acknowledges their strength and determination.

Through the celebration of this day, we can also raise much-needed awareness to inspire hope, drive research, and generate donations for patients who may struggle to afford the treatment they need.

Celebrating and being there for survivors is another way to offer support for those affected. A cancer diagnosis can feel incredibly isolating and daunting. By fostering a sense of community, we can show those affected that they are not alone.

Fighting cancer and winning gives survivors an appreciation for the beauty of life. Celebrating their victory alongside them is a great reminder to appreciate our health and the importance of living life to its absolute fullest.

How to ensure we have more survivors to celebrate

There are two primary approaches to ensuring we have more survivors to celebrate: Namely improving cancer treatment and advancing prevention efforts. Here are a few ways we can work towards these goals:

Funding and research development for treatments is crucial for overcoming cancer. From gene therapy to radiotherapy, advancing our understanding in these areas is key.
early detection drastically improves the success rate of treatment. Regular screening and raising awareness are always a step in the right direction.
Treatment accessibility is an under-appreciated approach to improving survivor rates. By advocating for and promoting affordable healthcare, we can ensure everyone has fair and equal access to cancer treatment.
Promoting a healthy lifestyle through habits such as a balanced diet and frequent exercise you can help others reduce their risk of developing certain cancers.

Upcoming Cancer Fundraising Events in South Africa

There are a number of Cancer Fundraising events coming up in South Africa:

Donate directly to CANSA
Host or join a CANSA support event
Take a look at events taking place throughout the year

Cancer Survivors Day is a powerful reminder to celebrate the life and love of those who have overcome this disease. Through the recognition of their fight, not only do we foster support and inspiration for those affected by it, but we also raise essential awareness for future research and understanding of this disease. This Sunday 2 June 2024 let’s honour their strength and work towards a future with less suffering for everyone.

Patient laying on a bed about to have a CT scan

13 May 2024

MRI vs CT scan, What’s the Difference?

Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRIs are often confused with CT (Computerised Topography) scans. Although, they may be similar in some respects, their function and applications are vastly different.

The main difference is that MRIs don’t use ionizing radiation like X-rays and CT scans do. In this article we’ll break down what an MRI is, the key differences between it and CT scans, as well as some of the benefits MRIs have in the medical field.

What is an MRI?

MRIs are a medical imaging technique that makes use of strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of your organs, bones, soft tissues, and internal body structures. This may sound intense, but they are in fact painless and do not use any ionizing radiation. MRIs can be used for a variety of applications and diagnostics, including:

Alzheimer’s disease
Arthritis
Heart disease
Stroke
Bone, muscle, ligament, and tendon injuries
Multiple sclerosis
Many other neurological conditions

How does an MRI Differ from a CT scan?

Since MRIs and CT scans are both imaging techniques, they often get confused with one another. Their primary differences lie in their application, technology, and the safety factors. CT scans are better suited for examining bones, blood vessels, and other internal injuries.

They are faster and ideal for patients that have metal implants that can interfere with the magnetic fields of an MRI. This does come at the cost of exposure to ionizing radiation, though.

CT scans combine a series of X-ray images to create a 3D image which is then examined. MRIs on the other hand, are great for examining soft tissue such as ligaments, muscles, and even the brain! This makes it better at diagnosing certain conditions, especially those associated with soft tissue.

Since MRIs don’t use ionizing radiation, radio waves are used to vibrate the atoms in your body which are then detected to construct an image. People with medical implants or claustrophobia are often advised against going for an MRI since the powerful magnetic fields may also cause discomfort in some patients.

Benefits of an MRI

Personalised Treatment Plans

MRIs are phenomenal at providing detailed images of your body’s internal structure. This means that alongside identifying anything unusual, doctors can also pinpoint essential characteristics such as the location and size of an abnormality. This detail allows for personal treatment plans based on the individual patient needs:

Precise diagnostics allows surgeons to better plan and therefore conduct less-invasive operations. For example, knowing the exact size and location of a tumour means surgeons can target it with minimal damage to the surrounding tissue.
Monitoring treatment response in the form of comparing scans over time allows doctors to see if tumours are shrinking or whether blood flow has improved.
Treatment selection in the form of revealing what stage of aggressiveness a disease is in can help patients significantly. An MRI scan may reveal that a tumour is smaller than initially expected which means a less invasive treatment can be conducted.

Improved Patient Care

As it is with most of the benefits we see thanks to modern medicine, MRI scans help patients in a multitude of ways:

Personalised treatment plans mean patients can have an improved quality of life since the need or likelihood of invasive procedures is reduced.
Better prognosis in the form of early, accurate diagnosis allows for quicker intervention and treatment. Especially with the conditions often associated with MRIs.
Reduced invasive procedures thanks to the accuracy of MRIs. With a better understanding of the condition, doctors can make more informed decisions with a lower risk to the patient’s health.

Early Disease Detection

Considering how non-invasive and accurate MRI scans are, they are a phenomenal tool for detecting diseases. Early detection can save lives in many ways:

Improved prevention when it comes to diseases such as aneurysms or tumours. Symptoms of these conditions can be detected before they become life-threatening, which enables doctors to intervene.
Increased options for treatment become available when a disease is detected early. This also increases the chances of a successful treatment.
Side effects and patient outcomes can be improved through less aggressive treatment since early-stage diseases have different treatment approaches.

Although the CT scan was invented ten years before the MRI, their contributions towards global health have both been revolutionary. From providing patients with an alternative to ionizing radiation, to improving outcomes thanks to early detection – Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a beautiful example of what humans are capable of.

Women Laying on a bed getting a MRI scan

6 May 2024

Why MRI is a Game Changer in Radiology Diagnosis

Whether you or someone you know has ever had an MRI scan done, there is no doubt that the technology is incredible. For over 50 years they have changed the world of radiology and medicine as we know it. This article is a deep dive into their function, the different types you get, how they compare to a CT scan, and where you can get an MRI done in South Africa.

What is an MRI?

Throughout history, inventions have often been attributed to individuals – but when it comes to MRIs, there are a number of researchers whose work contributed to the discovery of this technology. Built on the foundation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and the underlying physics of MRIs, Paul C.

Lauterbur developed a way to encode spatial information into an NMR signal through the use of magnetic field gradients back in September 1971. His theory was published in 1973 which inevitably led to the first clinical MRI machines being installed in the early 1980s.

MRI machines are made up of two powerful magnets, which are considered to be the most important part of the equipment. If you recall back to the years of high-school physics, you may remember that the human body is mostly made up of water molecules, which are two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen atoms.

Within each atom is a proton which is sensitive to magnetic fields. MRI machines generate a magnetic field which affects the water molecules inside your body. This, in combination with the movement of hydrogen atoms creates data that radiologists can use to conduct detailed scans of your body and its organs.

In short, an MRI scanner is a piece of equipment that uses magnets, radio waves, and computer technology to generate detailed, cross-sectional images of your body, its internal organs, and structures.

The scanner is often compared to the shape of a donut and resembles a tube with a table down the middle that the patient slides in along. It does not make use of any radiation.

What are MRIs used for?

When it comes to examining soft tissue such as ligaments, muscles, and the brain, MRIs are the perfect tool. As previously mentioned, MRIs don’t make use of any ionizing radiation, instead, radio and magnetic waves vibrate the atoms in your body to generate an image. Since the soft tissue inside your body is high in water, MRIs are phenomenal at diagnosing conditions such as:

Brain & Spinal cord injuries including aneurysms, strokes, tumours, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and other neurological conditions. MRIs can distinguish between the many types of tissues found in your brain and spine, making it a powerful diagnostic tool for these areas.

Musculoskeletal injuries such as tears, sprains, and fractures in your tendons, bones, muscles, and ligaments.

Cancer in almost every part of your body. Thanks to the detail MRIs provide they can indicate the stage of cancer as well as how effective any current treatment is.

Heart and blood vessel related conditions such as aortic dissection, heart disease, and vascular malformations.

Abdominal and pelvic conditions found in organs such as the kidneys, liver, uterus, and ovaries. Some examples include kidney stones, liver disease, appendicitis, and inflammatory diseases.

This is not a comprehensive list and by no means should be used to determine whether you should go for an MRI scan. Always consult your local physician first.

Types of MRI Machines

Many people may not be aware, but there are actually two main types of MRI machines. The more common ‘donut-shaped’ machine is called a ‘closed-bore MRI machine.’ The other is an ‘open MRI machine.’ The closed machine takes higher quality images whereas an open MRI machine provides more comfort to the patient since it isn’t enclosed on every side.

If you feel nervous about your MRI scan, or experience claustrophobia, speak to your healthcare provider to discuss your options.

Different Types of MRIs

1. Functional MRI (fMRI)

A functional Magnetic Resonance Image is a type of MRI that focuses on measuring blood flow in the brain. It looks for metabolic changes as a result of cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation being coupled. Since these changes occur where the brain is active, these can be monitored and measured.

2. Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV)

This type of MRI is specifically applied to the veins. It helps diagnose conditions such as blood clots, narrowing of the veins, and arteriovenous malformations.

3. Breast scans

A breast MRI often follows a patient’s biopsy where cancer may be present. It evaluates breast tissue and acts as a complement to mammography. Breast MRIs are particularly useful for patients who have dense breast tissue.

4. Cardiac MRI

As the name implies, cardiac MRIs give your physician incredibly detailed images of your heart and its structure. They also include information about your blood vessels, arteries, and circulatory system to find diseases such as congenital heart disease, artery disease, and damage due to heart attacks.

5. Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)

Similar to MRVs, Magnetic Resonance Angiography focuses on your arteries. Contrast dye is often used to diagnose and evaluate conditions such as the narrowing of arteries, aneurysms, and deformed arteries.

What is the Difference Between an MRI & a CT Scan?

We go into more detail in our article around the difference between an MRI and CT scan here. They are often confused due to both of them being imaging techniques.

Despite their similarities, the main difference lies in the fact that MRIs make use of a magnetic field to generate images whereas CT scans use low-dosage ionising radiation. CT scans are quicker and are ideal for patients with metal implants whereas MRIs are excellent at examining soft tissue and may be preferred due to their lack of ionising radiation.

How Long Does an MRI Take?

There are a number of factors that influence how long an MRI can take. Typically, they range from 15-90 minutes, some variables include:

Which part of your body is being scanned – Conducting an MRI of your leg is a lot less complicated than areas such as your brain or spine.

Whether a contrast dye is used – This helps medical professionals by enhancing the visibility of certain tissues. If used, it may take longer for the dye to circulate.

Number of required images – Depending on your condition, more or less images may be required which will directly affect the scan time.

MRI technology – The MRI has come a long way since the 1970s, as technology progresses scan times may become faster as well.

Here is a general breakdown of how long an MRI might take:

Shorter scans (5-10 minutes): When a specific area or larger image needs to be captured without much need for detail.

General scans (30-60 minutes): Many MRI scans fall into this range, making it the most common.

Longer scans (90 minutes): More advanced examinations such as ones involving multiple areas or where detailed images are required can take up to 90 minutes.

Keep in mind that this is only a general guideline, and a variety of factors can influence the length of your MRI scan. These numbers do not include consultation time, dressing, etc… It is always best to consult your doctor or radiologist with any questions you might have.

Benefits of an MRI

MRIs are the cornerstone of modern medicine and are excellent at generating detailed images of your body’s internal functions and structure. We’ve gone into more detail on the benefits in this article here. Below is a list of some of the benefits associated with MRIs:

Personalised Treatment Plans

MRIs allow medical professionals to more accurately diagnose conditions, monitor the effectiveness of their treatment, and choose an appropriate one thanks to the detailed images that they can produce. Treatment plans can be personalised as a result of:

Accurate diagnostics
Treatment monitoring
Treatment identification

Improved Patient Care

Thanks to factors such personalised treatment and accurate diagnostics, medical professionals can conduct non-invasive treatments which improve their overall quality of life through:

Personalised treatment
Improved prognosis
Non-invasive procedures

Early Disease Detection

Detecting diseases early can save lives and MRIs are ideal for identifying the kind of conditions that respond better to early treatment. For example, spotting a tumour before it develops means multiple treatment options can be considered as opposed to having to surgically remove it. This benefits patients through:

Increased options
Less aggressive treatment
Better prevention

How you can prepare for an MRI

Although each situation will vary from patient to patient, here is a general guideline and some key things you can do to prepare for an MRI scan:

Notify your doctor of any medical implants, conditions such as claustrophobia, or whether you may be pregnant.
Speak to your doctor about any medication you are on.
Avoid clothing that has metal such as zippers or underwire bras.
Remove all jewellery including watches, earrings, and necklaces.
In some cases, you may be required to fast up to a few hours before the scan.

Despite the fact that they look like something out of a science-fiction novel, MRI machines are very real and incredibly valuable to the medical world. Between their exceptional soft tissue visualisation, unmatched safety, and versatility across disciplines, Magnetic Resonance Imaging has changed the way we diagnose illnesses.

Motshudi Bergmann Ross Radiologists utilise state of the art equipment and provide services across a range of disciplines, including MRIs. You can visit our page and book an appointment here.